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This chapter provides a summary of proposed changes related to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of high blood pressure (HBP) in youth. Children with risk factors for HBP, including premature birth, a history of congenital heart disease, and kidney disease, should undergo BP screening beginning at birth and at each patient encounter. The 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents provides an evidence-based, updated clinical guide. Elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents is most likely to be primary hypertension and is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension (HTN) in youth is an accepted risk factor for HTN in adulthood, while HTN in adulthood is a major cause of heart failure, atherosclerotic heart disease, stroke. The prevalence of HTN is highest among overweight and obese children, with increasing prevalence over time related to the obesity epidemic.
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